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The Virgin of Hope of Macarena (Spanish: ''Virgen de la Esperanza de Macarena de Sevilla'') popularly known as La Esperanza or Virgin of Macarena is a pious 17th century Roman Catholic wooden image of the Blessed Virgin Mary venerated in Seville, Spain. The Marian title falls under a category of Our Lady of Sorrows commemorating the desolate grievance and piety of the Virgin Mary during Holy Week. The image is widely considered as a national treasure by the Spanish people, primarily because of its religious grandeur during Lenten celebrations. The image is also known for local folklore, most notably its discolored cheek allegedly caused by a wine bottle thrown by a Protestant drunken rebel at her face which pious legends also claim it never been able to remove. Its popularity among the masses is often highlighted in the five Rose-Emerald brooches attached to her dress given by the famed bullfighter José Gómez Ortega and the historical fact that the image has only worn an entire black vestment ensemble on a singular point in Spanish history;〔Images of Our Lady of Sorrows are often portrayed in dark blue or black; yet the Virgin of Macarena has never worn a full black ensemble except during the funeral of matador bullfighter El Gallo.〕 during el Gallo's death and funeral.〔http://deltoroalinfinito.blogspot.com/2010/03/lunes-santo-la-esperanza-macarena-de.html〕 The feast of the image is celebrated in Spain on 18 December and was granted a canonical coronation on 31 May 1964 by Cardinal José Bueno y Monreal. The Virgin of Hope is designated as the official patroness of the Sevillan people, most notably bullfighters, who hold a sincere devotion to the image.〔http://hemeroteca.abcdesevilla.es/nav/Navigate.exe/hemeroteca/sevilla/abc.sevilla/1964/05/30/059.html〕 It is currently enshrined in the high altar of the Basilica of Macarena. ==History== The image's genuine authorship is unknown and widely disputed; often by art schools who wish to claim ownership of both its artistic style called ''Encarnacion''. A similar image of the Virgin Mary and crucified Jesus was certainly in existence by 1654 by santero artist Pedro Nieto. Religious images of this type was a result of baroque reforms between 1670 and 1680 by the Confraternity of Macarena. The image is scholarly attributed to the artist Pedro Roldán or one of his protege students in his workshop. Three other famous sculptors and their schools place claim on the image. Over time, the image fell into disrepair, but was officially restored in March 1881 by Emilio Pizzaro de la Cruz, who created new arms and hands; it was restored again in 1883. By the early 20th century, the famous embroiderer ''Juan Manuel Rodriguez'', a member of the Confraternity of the Macarena devoted his work to the image as a gesture of thanksgiving. Between 1899-1900, the image began to showcase a mantle made of gold thread, French wire bullion and gold-plated tin, popularly referred to as a "mesh cape".〔http://www.artesacro.org/conocersevilla/biografias/personajes/ojeda/index.html〕 By 1908, a canopy of red velvet was added to protect the image from weather conditions, and was restored in 1964. Various crowns and accessories were repeatedly redesigned in 1938, 1953 and 1963. A new cape was made in 1930, which was unique because the color emerald green was also used along with gold tones. The King of Spain Alfonso XIII promoted its devotion by issuing a regal document on the image; after being inducted into the fraternity in 1904. In the same year of 11 April, Cardinal Eustaquio Ilundáin y Esteban once again blessed the image and its new cape. Comedy folklore recounts an alleged tale of a Protestant rebel who drank (drinking is permitted on some religious processions) and then threw a wine bottle against the image sometime before 1950s. As penance, he became a pallbearer of the image the following year in penance for his sacrilege against the Blessed Virgin Mary. The image was granted a canonical coronation on 27 March 1913 by Cardinal Enrique Almaraz y Santos, who added the five emerald brooches donated by a famous bullfighter. A similar coronation was also repeated in 1964 by Archbsihop of Seville. 抄文引用元・出典: フリー百科事典『 ウィキペディア（Wikipedia）』 ■ウィキペディアで「Virgin of Hope of Macarena」の詳細全文を読む スポンサード リンク
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